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生物穀專題:王曉東當選美國科學院院士|產品資訊|上海91麻豆福利视频网生物科技有限公司
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生物穀專題:王曉東當選美國科學院院士

日期:2025-05-14 00:35
瀏覽次數:591
摘要: 生物穀按:王曉東作為華人中的傑出代表,在細胞凋亡,以及近來在RNAi領域作出了一係列驚人的發現,從而獲得了美國科學院了院士這一榮譽稱號!本文將從多個方麵重點綜述一下他的驕人成績,同時也會發表一係列相關的評論,希望更多的人能從這裏獲得有益的啟示。 生物穀新聞快報 生物穀報道:據北京時間今天淩晨1點,美國科學院宣布,美籍華裔科學家王曉東當選美國科學院院士,成為美國科學院*年輕的院士,年僅41歲。   今年41歲的王曉東教授,是近20年來,我國出國留學人員中當選美國科學院的**位院士。1985年,王曉東畢...

生物穀按:王曉東作為華人中的傑出代表,在細胞凋亡,以及近來在RNAi領域作出了一係列驚人的發現,從而獲得了美國科學院了院士這一榮譽稱號!本文將從多個方麵重點綜述一下他的驕人成績,同時也會發表一係列相關的評論,希望更多的人能從這裏獲得有益的啟示。

生物穀新聞快報

生物穀專題:王曉東當選美國科學院院士
生物穀報道:據北京時間今天淩晨1點,美國科學院宣布,美籍華裔科學家王曉東當選美國科學院院士,成為美國科學院*年輕的院士,年僅41歲。

  今年41歲的王曉東教授,是近20年來,我國出國留學人員中當選美國科學院的**位院士。1985年,王曉東畢業於北京師範大學,曾經考取了北京師大薛少白教授的碩士生,但因獲得美國的留學簽證而未在國內深造。1991年獲美國德州大學西南醫學中心博士學位。現在在德州大學西南醫學中心任終身教授,並在有名的霍華德·休斯研究所擔任研究員。

  王嘵東主要從事生命科學前沿領域細胞調亡規律的研究,這項研究可以為揭示生物生長與死亡的規律,為人類癌症及傳染病等疑難雜症的**提供重要的理論依據。近年來在RNAi研究方麵也取得一係列突破,引人注目。

  美國科學院院士是美國科學界的*高榮譽,當選者均是在科技和工程方麵取得傑出成就的科學家和工程師。美國科學院現有院士2300多名。

王曉東相關論文

王曉東博士論文一般隻發表在cell,Nature,science等**刊物上,而且許多研究都是開創性的研究,以下他本人近年來的代表性論文,僅列舉這一些便可見其成就大小了。

1 Li P, Nijhawan D, Wang X.Mitochondrial activation of apoptosis.
Cell. 2004 Jan 23;116(2 Suppl):S57-9, 2 p following S59

2 Du C, Fang M, Li Y, Li L, Wang X.Smac, a mitochondrial protein that promotes cytochrome c-dependent caspase activation by eliminating IAP inhibition.
Cell. 2000 Jul 7;102(1):33-42.

3 Li K, Li Y, Shelton JM, Richardson JA, Spencer E, Chen ZJ, Wang X, Williams RS.Cytochrome c deficiency causes embryonic lethality and attenuates stress-induced apoptosis.
Cell. 2000 May 12;101(4):389-99.

4 Luo X, Budihardjo I, Zou H, Slaughter C, Wang X.Bid, a Bcl2 interacting protein, mediates cytochrome c release from mitochondria in response to activation of cell surfAce death receptors.
Cell. 1998 Aug 21;94(4):481-90.
5 Li P, Nijhawan D, Budihardjo I, Srinivasula SM, Ahmad M, Alnemri ES, Wang X.Cytochrome c and dATP-dependent formation of Apaf-1/caspase-9 complex initiates an apoptotic protease cascade.
Cell. 1997 Nov 14;91(4):479-89.

6 Zou H, Henzel WJ, Liu X, Lutschg A, Wang X.Apaf-1, a human protein homologous to C. elegans CED-4, participates in cytochrome c-dependent activation of caspase-3.
Cell. 1997 Aug 8;90(3):405-13.
7 Liu X, Zou H, Slaughter C, Wang X.DFF, a heterodimeric protein that functions downstream of caspase-3 to trigger DNA fragmentation during apoptosis.
Cell. 1997 Apr 18;89(2):175-84.

8 Liu X, Kim CN, Yang J, Jemmerson R, Wang X.

Induction of apoptotic program in cell-free extracts: requirement for dATP and cytochrome c.
Cell. 1996 Jul 12;86(1):147-57.
9 Wang X, Sato R, Brown MS, Hua X, Goldstein JL.SREBP-1, a membrane-bound transcription factor released by sterol-regulated proteolysis.
Cell. 1994 Apr 8;77(1):53-62.

10 Li LY, Luo X, Wang X. Endonuclease G is an apoptotic DNase when released from mitochondria. Nature. 2001 Jul 5;412(6842):95-9.

11 Wu G, Chai J, Suber TL, Wu JW, Du C, Wang X, Shi Y. Structural basis of IAP recognition by Smac/DIABLO.
Nature. 2000 Dec 21-28;408(6815):1008-12.

12 Chai J, Du C, Wu JW, Kyin S, Wang X, Shi Y. Structural and biochemical basis of apoptotic activation by Smac/DIABLO.
Nature. 2000 Aug 24;406(6798):855-62.

13 Liu Q, Rand TA, Kalidas S, Du F, Kim HE, Smith DP, Wang X.R2D2, a bridge between the initiation and effector steps of the Drosophila RNAi pathway.
Science. 2003 Sep 26;301(5641):1921-5.

14 Jiang X, Kim HE, Shu H, Zhao Y, Zhang H, Kofron J, Donnelly J, Burns D, Ng SC, Rosenberg S, Wang X. Distinctive roles of PHAP proteins and prothymosin-alpha in a death regulatory pathway.
Science. 2003 Jan 10;299(5604):223-6.

15 Yang J, Liu X, Bhalla K, Kim CN, Ibrado AM, Cai J, Peng TI, Jones DP, Wang X.Prevention of apoptosis by Bcl-2: release of cytochrome c from mitochondria blocked.
Science. 1997 Feb 21;275(5303):1129-32.

科學趣事:王曉東他們發現SMAC的趣事

生物穀按:這一過程主要說明研究工作的緊迫性,也為研究工作者提個醒。

IAP: Antagonizing the Antagonist
Two different routes find the mammalian enemies of apoptosis inhibitors

By Laura DeFrancesco


For this article, Laura DeFrancesco interviewed David Vaux, principal research fellow, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Melbourne, Australia. Data from the Web of Science show that Hot Papers are cited 50 to 100 times more often than the average paper of the same type and age.


A.M. Verhagen et al., "Identification of DIABLO, a mammalian protein that promotes apoptosis by binding to and antagonizing IAP proteins," Cell, 102: 43-53, July 7, 2000. (Cited in 176 papers)

Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, provides organisms a way to remove unwanted cells, such as during morphogenesis, or to defend against viral infection. Of course, certain molecules exist to prohibit apoptosis. One of these proteins, aptly named Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein (IAP), was first found in viruses, which use them to keep host cells alive while the virus replicates and propagates. These IAPs interfere with key effectors of apoptosis, the family of proteases known as caspases, which, when activated, literally digest the cell from the inside out.
But the story doesn't end there: antagonists exist to antagonize the IAPs; these molecules send the cell back down the apoptosis pathway. For example, three IAP antagonists, Reaper, Grim and HID, have been identified in Drosophila. These proteins promote cell death by binding to the IAPs, keeping them from suppressing caspase activity. However, no similar IAP antagonists had been identified in mammals until the labs of David Vaux, Xiaodong Wang, and the editors of Cell crossed paths.

Vaux's lab was one of the first to identify mammalian homologs of the baculoviral IAPs (XIAP, cIAP1 and cIAP2). Vaux, principal research fellow at the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Melbourne, Australia, hypothesized that, like their Drosophila counterparts, these IAPs could be controlled by pro-apoptotic proteins. When homologs for Reaper, Grim or HID couldn't be found by searching genomic databases, researchers took a different approach. Anne Verhagen, a postdoc in Vaux's lab, expressed XIAP in mammalian cells and immunoprecipitated it from cell lysates along with associated proteins. Several novel proteins were found by running the coimmunoprecipitated proteins on two-dimensional gels. Using nanoelectrospray tandem mass spectrometry, Lisa Connolly, a research assistant in the lab of Vaux's collaborator, Richard Simpson, obtained amino acid sequences on four IAP binding proteins, one of which was named DIABLO (for Direct IAP binding protein of low Pi) and another HtrA2 (also known as Omi).

©2002 Cell Press


Localizing DIABLO: The N-terminal 53 amino acids of DIABLO were fused to GFP, and the fusion protein was expressed in 293T cells (left) or NT2cells (right). Yellow indicates co-localization of mitotracker red and GFP fluorescence.


Working independently on apoptosis in HeLa cell lysates, Wang, a Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, identified several components of the cell death mechanism (including Apaf-1, caspase 9, cytochrome c, and DFF) using a classical biochemical approach. He found an additional activity in cell lysates that promoted efficient caspase activation. Purifying this activity led his team to identify a protein they termed Smac (for second mitochondrial activator of cell death), so-called because the protein had a mitochondrial targeting sequence, and antibodies showed it localized to the mitochondria in healthy cells.

The two groups independently submitted papers to Cell. The reviewers requested revisions, and then asked for more work because they still weren't satisfied. However, in an unusual move, the editors suggested that the two labs exchange their papers to see, with each other's help, if they could reach solutions.

In doing so, the two groups realized that they had purified the same protein. Wang hadn't determined how Smac promotes apoptosis, but after learning that Vaux had found that it was an IAP binding protein, he looked for and confirmed IAP binding activity by Smac. And while Vaux's group knew that DIABLO was processed, they didn't know this occurred in the mitochondria. Using antibody provided by Wang, they confirmed its presence in the mitochondria of healthy cells, but released into the cytosol by UV irradiation, an apoptotic inducer.

Vaux remembers, "Wang was surprised and delighted to learn from our paper that DIABLO/Smac functioned by binding to IAPs. From reading his paper we were blown away to learn that the reason DIABLO/Smac is processed is that it is targeted to the mitochondria, where its amino-terminus is removed."

Laura DeFrancesco (defrancesco1@earthlink.net) is a freelance writer in Pasadena, Calif.


1. C. Du et al., "Smac, a mitochondrial protein that promotes cytochrome c-dependent caspase activation by eliminating IAP inhibition," Cell, 102:33-42, July 7, 2000.

評論:王曉東以後,留學生裏誰可能做美國科學院院士

這是一位網友的提名,這些人都是華人在美的精英!他們在各自不同的領域中做出了巨大貢獻!

生物:哈佛大學袁鈞英,普林斯頓大學錢卓,斯坦福大學駱利群,華盛頓大學饒毅, 耶魯大學許田,克羅拉多大學韓民,密西根大學管坤良,耶魯大學鄧興旺,普林斯頓大學施一公

數學:普林斯頓大學田剛,西北大學夏誌宏,斯坦福大學李駿

化學:哈佛大學謝曉亮,霍普金斯大學劉鈞

二十一項值得獲諾貝爾生理或醫學獎的工作及科學家

饒毅

又到十月,是諾貝爾獎宣布獲獎人的季節。2002年諾貝爾生理或醫學獎將在明天(10月7日)宣布。雖然評選委員會以外的人不能預計誰當年會得獎,一般來說,有相當一些人自己有判斷,哪些人及其工作值得獲獎。就諾貝爾生理或醫學獎來說,醫學常有一些和臨床有關的不容易預計,基礎的多半大家公認,但是有時也出大家意外的,所以隻可以列一個不**的單子,這些人和工作在2002年10月6日前已經值得得獎,但是還沒有得,由這個名單的長度也可以知道,因為這些突出工作的數量也就決定了他們不可能都得獎。後麵幾個工作,第19,20項可能因為時間過去而得不到,第21項很可能過一些時間再給(比如等十年也不算久)。如果明天的名單裏有以下科學家,也不會奇怪。我還要說明一下,這樣的預計不是特別難,能做這樣預計的人成百上千,因為這是評價已經做出的研究。而預計未來研究領域和方向,則難。

1. Mario Capecchi〔美國尤他大學U. Utah〕,發明基因剔除技術,肯定值得得獎,可能和其他1,2個做基因剔除(Oliver Smithies)或轉基因動物的人合得,也有可能和**個做出鼠胚胎幹細胞的Gail Martin〔美國舊金山加州大學UCSF〕合得。

2. Bob Horvitz 〔美國麻省理工學院MIT〕,細胞凋亡的遺傳機理,可能合得者是:AH Wylie或JFR Kerr其中之一(細胞凋亡的概念和電子顯微鏡下形態變化特征),Susanne Cory或Stanley Korsmeyer之一(Bcl-2在細胞凋亡中的作用)。得州大學西南醫學中心的王曉東也有可能(細胞凋亡的生物化學機理)。另外如果不以細胞凋亡來看,而以線立體新的功能來看,王曉東和Korsmeyer(甚至La Jolla癌症研究所John Reed)也是一個可能組合。


3. Mark Ptashne 〔美國紐約凱特菱癌症研究中心Sloan Kettering〕,基因調控的機理,發現**個轉錄因子:原核細胞(**)的lamda抑製子。可以單獨,也可和Bob Tjian 〔錢澤南,UC Berkeley〕合得。Ptashne做真核細胞轉錄調控的研究中,有北大留學生馬俊的工作。

4. Elizabeth Blackburn 〔美國舊金山加州大學UCSF〕和Carol Greider 〔美國霍普金斯大學Johns Hopkins〕,端粒子和端粒酶,Blackburn主要發現在UC Berkeley做,Greider那時是她的學生。另外有複旦的留學生於國良在他實驗室做過早期一些工作。

5. Roderick MacKinnon 〔美國洛克菲勒大學Rockefeller〕,鉀離子通道的結構,可以單獨,也可以合得 (不確定合得者,如果就鉀通道而言,舊金山加州大學UCSF的Lily Jan葉公杼和YN Jan詹裕農有可能;如果廣義地給離子通道,美國西雅圖華盛頓大學University of Washington的Bertil Hille有可能)。

6. Y. W. Kan 簡悅威 〔美國舊金山加州大學UCSF〕,**個提出可以用限製性內切酶片斷多態性跟蹤人類基因變異,使人類遺傳學進入新時代,可以合得,也可以單獨。

7. Eric Lander 〔美國麻省理工學院MIT〕,John Sulston 〔英國劍橋Cambridge,UK〕,Bob Wasterson 〔美國聖路易斯華盛頓大學Washington University〕,基因組研究。

8. Roger Y. Tsien 錢永健〔美國聖跌哥加州大學UCSD〕和 Douglas C. Prasher〔美國農業部麻州Otis植物保護中心〕,發明測定活細胞內分子的新方法。Tsien發明鈣染料,Prasher發現綠色熒光旦白GFP。

9. Afred G. Knudson 〔美國費城Fox Chase癌症中心〕,腫瘤抑製基因,可能和Janet D. Rowley〔美國芝加哥大學University of Chicago〕和Bob Weinberg 〔麻省理工學院MIT〕合得,華裔李文華〔得州大學生物工程研究所〕和Weinberg工作很近,有爭議誰**,Weinberg可能容易得,他以前因為癌基因錯過一次和Bishop和Varmus合得的機會。

10. John Gordon〔英國劍橋Cambridge,UK〕和 Ian Wilmut 〔英國愛爾蘭Roslin研究所〕,核轉移,Gordon是60年代**個用成體細胞核成功克隆動物(蛙),Wilmut是九十**個用類似方法克隆哺乳動物。

11. Pamela Bjorkman 〔美國加州理工學院Caltech〕,Jack Strominger 〔美國哈佛大學Harvard〕和Emil Unanue 〔美國聖路易斯華盛頓大學Washington University〕,前二者發現MHC(主要組織相容性抗原複合體)結構,後者發現抗原呈現細胞。Bjorkman是和Don Wiley做研究生時的工作,Wiley如果不去世,應該得。

12. Yasutomi Nishizuka〔日本〕和Michael Berridge 〔英國〕,細胞內信號轉導分子,前者發現旦白激酶C,後者發現磷酸肌醇。

13. Aaron Ciechanover 〔以色列工學院Technion〕,Avram Hershko 〔以色列工學院Technion〕,Alexander Varshavsky 〔美國加州理工學院Caltech〕,發現蛋白質降解的生物化學機理。

14. Judah Folkman〔哈佛大學醫學院〕發現調節血管形成的分子。

15. Sydney Brenner 和 Seymour Benzer 〔美國加州理工學院Caltech〕,用遺傳學方法研究發育,神經和行為。Brenner提出用c elegans研究發育和神經,Benzer提出用果蠅做神經和行為。

16. Marc Raichle 〔美國聖路易斯華盛頓大學Washington University〕,用正電子掃描(PET scan)做活體人影像檢測,可能和發明改進fMRI(“功能性核磁共振”,或稱“功能性磁共振影像”)的人合得。 他們的工作是生物醫學影像的重要發展。

17. Luc Montagnier〔法國〕Robert C. Gallo(美國),發現愛滋病毒。

18. Tim Bliss〔英國〕和Terje Lomo 〔挪威〕,發現長期性增強作用(LTP),推動高等動物學習記憶研究。這項獎,受Eric Kandel近年剛因為研究低等動物(海兔)學習記憶得獎而可能推後。

19. Herbert Boyer 〔美國舊金山加州大學UCSF〕和Stanley Cohen 〔美國斯坦福大學Stanford〕,發明重組DNA技術,開創生物工程時代。

20. Avaram Goldstein 〔美國斯坦福大學Stanford〕,Solomon Snyder 〔美國霍普金斯大學Johns Hopkins〕, John Hughes 〔英國帝國理工學院Imperial College of Science and Technology〕, 發現痛覺的分子機理。Goldstein提出證明**受體的方法,Snyder實驗室的Candace Pert,紐約大學的Eric Simon和瑞典的Lars Terenius用Goldstein的方法發現**受體,在英國蘇格蘭Aberdeen工作的John Hughes和導師Hans Kosterlitz發現**個內源性**肽。Kosterlitz已經去世。嚴格地說,李卓浩〔Choh H Li, UC Berkeley〕是**個發現有鎮痛作用的蛋白質,他在1964年發現B-Lipotropin 而且知道有鎮痛作用,但未提出內源性的**樣物質概念,而且他已經去世多年了。

21. RNA幹擾,不一定會在近年發獎,可能等機理進一步搞清,但是發獎時會包括發現RNA幹擾現象的人,有三個重要的候選人,如果不包括機理,就是他們,如果包括機理,那麽隻能在這三個裏麵選一倆個加上以後發現RNAi機理*重要的人。Ken Kemphues〔美國康乃爾大學Cornell〕,Andy Fire 〔美國卡內磯研究所Carnegie〕,Craig Mello〔美國麻州大學University of Massachusetts〕。Kemphues的工作是複旦留美學生郭蘇做的。

生物穀以往報道:旅美生化和分子生物學家的貢獻

旅美生化和分子生物學家的貢獻》附表

旅美生化和分子生物學家的貢獻 [吳瑞]


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